{"id":4430,"date":"2021-11-05T13:55:56","date_gmt":"2021-11-05T11:55:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/illadelsbous.com\/15-falacias-sobre-el-uso-de-datos-para-a-evitar\/"},"modified":"2021-11-22T12:05:58","modified_gmt":"2021-11-22T10:05:58","slug":"falacias-discursos-datos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/illadelsbous.com\/ca\/falacias-discursos-datos\/","title":{"rendered":"Detectar fal\u00b7l\u00e0cies en l’\u00fas de discursos amb dades"},"content":{"rendered":"
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A l’economia actual, impulsada per la tecnologia, les dades s\u00f3n essencials per obtenir nous coneixements, prendre decisions i crear productes.<\/strong><\/p>\n

De fet, hi ha tantes dades que la seva quantitat es duplica cada dos anys<\/strong>, i el 2025 hi haur\u00e0 175.000 exabytes de dades.<\/p>\n

\u00c9s una xifra sense precedents, i \u00e9s dif\u00edcil de posar en perspectiva. Perqu\u00e8 ens fem una idea, un exabyte equival a 1.000.000.000 de GB de dades<\/strong>, i es diu que cinc exabytes equivalen aproximadament a \u201ctotes les paraules mai pronunciades per la humanitat\u201d.<\/p>\n

Fal\u00b7l\u00e0cies i trucs comuns amb les dades<\/h2>\n

Les fal\u00b7l\u00e0cies estad\u00edstiques s\u00f3n trucs comuns que les dades poden jugar-hi, i que condueixen a errors en la interpretaci\u00f3 i l’an\u00e0lisi de les dades. Explora algunes fal\u00b7l\u00e0cies comunes, amb exemples de la vida real, i descobreix com les pots evitar.<\/p>\n

Descobrir aquests pot ser tot un repte. Les dades v\u00e9nen en moltes maneres diferents i no totes s\u00f3n f\u00e0cils d’analitzar. Com a resultat, \u00e9s temptador prendre dreceres amb les dades, o intentar encaixar les dades que rebem a les nostres nocions preconcebudes de com haurien de ser les coses.<\/p>\n

Exemples de fal\u00b7l\u00e0cies<\/h2>\n

Heus aqu\u00ed quatre exemples de fal\u00b7l\u00e0cies, i per qu\u00e8 cadascuna \u00e9s considerada un faux-pas pels cient\u00edfics de dades.<\/p>\n

1. Biaix de superviv\u00e8ncia<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Quan s’analitzen les qualitats que es necessiten per ser un empresari d’\u00e8xit, se solen buscar pistes a la poblaci\u00f3 existent d’empresaris establerts. Tot i aix\u00f2, en limitar la nostra mostra nom\u00e9s a aquest grup d’empresaris “supervivents”, correm el risc de patir un biaix de superviv\u00e8ncia.<\/p>\n

Hi ha lli\u00e7ons que podem aprendre de tots els empresaris que han fracassat, per\u00f2 s\u00f3n molt m\u00e9s dif\u00edcils de trobar.<\/strong> Integrar aquestes dades a la hist\u00f2ria pot ajudar a completar una imatge molt m\u00e9s completa.<\/p>\n

2. Falsa causalitat<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Sabies que hi ha una correlaci\u00f3 del 95% entre la taxa de matrimonis a Kentucky i la quantitat de persones que s’ofeguen cada any en caure dels vaixells de pesca?<\/p>\n

Matrimonis a Kentucky vs. persones que s’ofeguen<\/p>\n

Aix\u00f2 vol dir que hi ha algun tipus de relaci\u00f3 entre les dues variables?<\/p>\n

Trobar un alt nivell de correlaci\u00f3 pot passar simplement per casualitat, per\u00f2 adjudicar una falsa causalitat \u00e9s un dels errors estad\u00edstics m\u00e9s comuns.
\nAquesta i altres correlacions estranyes aqu\u00ed: tylervigen.com\/spurious-correlations<\/a><\/p>\n

3. La fal\u00b7l\u00e0cia del jugador<\/strong><\/p>\n

Si la ruleta surt negra 26 vegades seguides,
\nvol dir aix\u00f2 que tornar\u00e0 a sortir vermella en el seg\u00fcent tiratge?<\/p>\n

La fal\u00b7l\u00e0cia del jugador tamb\u00e9 passa amb l’an\u00e0lisi de dades: el fet que alguna cosa succeeixi amb una freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia inusual durant un per\u00edode de temps no significa que la naturalesa ho \u201cigualar\u00e0\u201d.<\/p>\n

4. L’efecte Cobra<\/strong><\/p>\n

Les dades es poden utilitzar per mesurar el progr\u00e9s en la consecuci\u00f3 dels objectius empresarials, per\u00f2 qu\u00e8 passa si hi ha incentius per jugar amb aquests objectius?<\/p>\n

Wells Fargo, en un esfor\u00e7 per vendre m\u00e9s als clients existents, va introduir un incentiu anomenat “vuit \u00e9s genial”. En resum, els seus empleats es van animar a vendre vuit comptes per client, que podien adoptar la forma de targetes de cr\u00e8dit, comptes d’estalvi i altres serveis financers.<\/p>\n

En un exemple de bones intencions que es van tor\u00e7ar, els empleats de Wells Fargo van comen\u00e7ar a incomplir les normes per complir els seus objectius. Es van obrir milions de targetes de cr\u00e8dit i comptes de dip\u00f2sit no autoritzats sobre la base d’aquest incentiu pervers, i el banc va ser finalment condemnat a pagar un acord de 142 milions de d\u00f2lars.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Fonts: visualcapitalist.com, tylervigen.com, geckoboard.com<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A l’economia actual, impulsada per la tecnologia, les dades s\u00f3n essencials per obtenir nous coneixements, prendre decisions i crear productes. De fet, hi ha tantes dades que la seva quantitat es duplica cada dos anys, i el 2025 hi haur\u00e0 175.000 exabytes de dades. \u00c9s una xifra sense precedents, i \u00e9s dif\u00edcil de posar en […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4490,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"googlesitekit_rrm_CAowj9y7DA:productID":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[132],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4430","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-es-ca"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDetectar fal\u00b7l\u00e0cies en l'\u00fas de discursos amb dades - Illadelsbous<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/illadelsbous.com\/ca\/falacias-discursos-datos\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Detectar fal\u00b7l\u00e0cies en l'\u00fas de discursos amb dades - Illadelsbous\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"A l’economia actual, impulsada per la tecnologia, les dades s\u00f3n essencials per obtenir nous coneixements, prendre decisions i crear productes. 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